Advanced

Files and Directories

Master file input/output and directory management using Python’s standard libraries for reading, writing, and navigating the filesystem.

Working with Files and Directories

Reading and Writing Files

Use open() with modes 'r' (read), 'w' (write), and 'a' (append):

pythonCopyEdit# Writing to a file
with open("example.txt", "w") as file:
    file.write("Hello, world!\n")

# Reading from a file
with open("example.txt", "r") as file:
    content = file.read()
    print(content)

Using with ensures files are properly closed.

Working with Directories

The os and pathlib modules help interact with directories.

pythonCopyEditimport os
print(os.getcwd())  # Current working directory

# Create a new directory
os.mkdir("new_folder")

# List files in directory
print(os.listdir("."))

# Using pathlib
from pathlib import Path
path = Path("new_folder")
print(path.exists())

Reading and Writing CSV Files

pythonCopyEditimport csv

# Writing CSV
with open("data.csv", "w", newline="") as csvfile:
    writer = csv.writer(csvfile)
    writer.writerow(["Name", "Age"])
    writer.writerow(["Alice", 30])

# Reading CSV
with open("data.csv", "r") as csvfile:
    reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
    for row in reader:
        print(row)

Working with Files and Directories

Reading and Writing Files

Use open() with modes 'r' (read), 'w' (write), and 'a' (append):

pythonCopyEdit# Writing to a file
with open("example.txt", "w") as file:
    file.write("Hello, world!\n")

# Reading from a file
with open("example.txt", "r") as file:
    content = file.read()
    print(content)

Using with ensures files are properly closed.

Working with Directories

The os and pathlib modules help interact with directories.

pythonCopyEditimport os
print(os.getcwd())  # Current working directory

# Create a new directory
os.mkdir("new_folder")

# List files in directory
print(os.listdir("."))

# Using pathlib
from pathlib import Path
path = Path("new_folder")
print(path.exists())

Reading and Writing CSV Files

pythonCopyEditimport csv

# Writing CSV
with open("data.csv", "w", newline="") as csvfile:
    writer = csv.writer(csvfile)
    writer.writerow(["Name", "Age"])
    writer.writerow(["Alice", 30])

# Reading CSV
with open("data.csv", "r") as csvfile:
    reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
    for row in reader:
        print(row)

Working with Files and Directories

Reading and Writing Files

Use open() with modes 'r' (read), 'w' (write), and 'a' (append):

pythonCopyEdit# Writing to a file
with open("example.txt", "w") as file:
    file.write("Hello, world!\n")

# Reading from a file
with open("example.txt", "r") as file:
    content = file.read()
    print(content)

Using with ensures files are properly closed.

Working with Directories

The os and pathlib modules help interact with directories.

pythonCopyEditimport os
print(os.getcwd())  # Current working directory

# Create a new directory
os.mkdir("new_folder")

# List files in directory
print(os.listdir("."))

# Using pathlib
from pathlib import Path
path = Path("new_folder")
print(path.exists())

Reading and Writing CSV Files

pythonCopyEditimport csv

# Writing CSV
with open("data.csv", "w", newline="") as csvfile:
    writer = csv.writer(csvfile)
    writer.writerow(["Name", "Age"])
    writer.writerow(["Alice", 30])

# Reading CSV
with open("data.csv", "r") as csvfile:
    reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
    for row in reader:
        print(row)

‹ Exception Handling

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